ASTERACEAE  

Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, pinnatifid to pinnatisect, glandular-punctate, densely silvery-sericeous. Capitula radiate, solitary. Involucralbracts in 3 rows, sometimes with dark brown margins. Receptacle flat or convex, epaleate. Rayflorets female or neuter; lamina white. Discflorets bisexual, with yellow corolla, 5-lobed. Anthers ecalcarate and ecaudate. Cypselas oblong, 5-7-ribbed, often with sessile glands. Pappus an irregularly lobed corona. x = 9 (7, 8) (aneuploids, polyploidy, B-chromosomes).

Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, sessile, tomentose to velutinous (hair type B), margins flat or slightly concave, entire. Capitula discoid, solitary or few together. Involucre campanulate or ellipsoid; involucral bracts in +/- 9 rows, small to large, outer usually oblong, with glumaceous appendage, sometimes with reflexed, acuminate, scarious apex and often woolly on back; inner bracts with glumaceous, usually coloured appendage (yellow, pink, white or brown), opaque; stereome divided or undivided. Receptacle epaleate, but with prominent fimbrils. Florets bisexual; corolla yellow; tube broadened above, usually with scattered glands and with 5 linear to lanceolate lobes. Anthers ecalcarate, caudate; apical appendage concave, as wide as thecae; endothecial tissue polarised. Style bifid; style branches truncate with obtuse sweeping hairs apically. Cypselas oblong, with globose, myxogenic hairs, epidermis smooth. Pappus of basally connate, generally plumose bristles.

Single or multi-stemmed, robust or weak shrubs or dwarf shrubs, up to 1.5 m tall, occasionally prostrate; branches densely or sparsely leafy, tomentose or glaucous. Leaves small, alternate, often ericoid and twisted, broadly cymbiform, linear or narrowly triangular, adaxial surface villous or tomentose, abaxial surface glabrous or covered in a matted layer of hairs, tips rounded mucronate or pungent, margins slightly or strongly involute. Synflorescences tight, globose or cylindrical, terminal heads, or an open or dense plumose arrangement of capitula. Capitula discoid, 1-flowered. Involucral bracts in a few rows, innermost dry and membranous, outermost shorter, often leafy. Receptacle stalk-like, epaleate. Ray florets 0. Disc florets bisexual, tubular, white, pink or wine-red, 5-lobed; lobes erect or spreading. Anthers apically acuminate, basally tailed. Style bifid, branches truncate, pencilled at tips. Nectary a small disk between style and cypsela or 0. Cypselas small, with or without a rim-like annulus, smooth or tomentose, trichomes short with tips rounded or longer, more flexible with tips acuminate. Pappus of 10-26 capillary bristles, plumose in upper part, fused in a ring at base, rarely free, 0 in Stoebe montana and S. schultzii. x = 8 (1 report).

Annual herbs, small, glabrous. Leaves alternate, linear, entire or pinnatisect, with linear lobes. Capitula radiate, pedunculate, many- or few-flowered, in lax corymbs or solitary. Involucre ecalyculate, campanulate, ovoid or subglobose; bracts +/- connate. Receptacle convex to conical, epaleate. Rayflorets female; corolla yellow; tube with +/- oblong, obtuse or 3-toothed lamina 2-4 times as long as tube. Discflorets bisexual, fertile or functionally male; corolla yellow; tube becoming campanulate above, with 5 ovate or lanceolate lobes. Anthers ecalcarate and ecaudate; with linear or lanceolate, apical appendage; endothecial tissue radial. Style terete, with linear, truncate, penicillate branches. Cypselas obovoid or oblong, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Pappus 0.

Perennial herbs with stems erect to prostrate, often rooting at nodes. Leaves opposite or uppermost occasionally alternate, elliptic or oblong-obovate to obovate, entire, weakly lobed or 3-lobed, sometimes serrate-dentate. Capitula radiate, terminal or axillary, solitary, on long peduncles. Involucre campanulate; bracts in 2 or 3 rows, outer herbaceous, inner scarious. Receptacle flat to convex, scaly. Ray florets female, fertile; corolla yellow to orange-yellow. Disc florets bisexual, fertile; corolla yellow to orange-yellow. Cypselas irregularly warted, minutely puberulous in upper part, with short early-caducous aristae. Pappus cup-shaped and of 1 or 2 awns, or 0.